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The Soviet RBMK (Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalny) and VVER (Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reaktor) reactors differ primarily in their design and operational characteristics. RBMKs are graphite-moderated and use water as a coolant, allowing for on-site fuel replacement and a unique design that enables higher power outputs; however, they have safety concerns, as seen in the Chernobyl disaster. In contrast, VVERs are pressurized water reactors (PWRs) with a more compact design, enhanced safety features, and a lower risk of catastrophic failure, making them more widely used in modern nuclear power generation.

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