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The era of European and American exploration began in 1542. Spain, Great Britttian, Russia, and the United States all sent explorers who sailed along the coastline of the the Pacific Northwest or the crossed on foot, horseback, or canoe as they traveled. Each explorer, such as James Cook, Juan Perez, John Meares, George Vancouver, Robert Gray, William Clark, Meriwether Lewis, David Thomspon, and Charles Wilkes made many major contributions (That you may find out about if you study them). This was the Second Migrational Flow.

The Pacific Northwest region was especially attractive to American and British fur trappers and traders. The fur trade area was shorter but profitable, lasting from 1811 to 1834. Furs were a great demand during the early decades of the 19th century, but demand quickly decreased due to a change in fashions and the fact that fur trappers had nearly wiped out the existing population of fur-bearing animals in the region. Even though this era was very short, it helped establish a number of settlements in the area that was once inhabited only by Native Americans. This was the Third Migrational Flow.

Next were the Christian missionaries. This period was also very short, lasting only from 1834 to 1847. Christian missionaries made a major impact upon the growth of the Pacific Northwest. Both Protestant and Roman Catholic missionaries made important contributions. (ie: Jason Lee, Marcus Whitman, Henry Spalding, Father Blanchet, Father DeSmet) These missionaries encouraged other American settlers to live and work in the Pacific Northwest, especially in the river valleys. However, with the annual arrival of more settlers, tensions increased between them. The missionary era ended with the violent massacre of the Whitmans, November, 1847. This was the Fourth Migrational Flow.

~I apologize, because I do not have the room to describe the Fifth Migrational Flow. But I do hope that I have helped you and given you the oppurtunity to learn more about the brilliant history of our world!

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