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Solon, the ancient Athenian statesman, divided Athenian society into four social classes based on wealth and agricultural production. The classes were the Pentakosiomedimnoi (wealthy landowners), the Hippeis (knights or cavalrymen), the Zeugitai (small landholders), and the Thetes (laborers and the poor). This classification aimed to create a more equitable political structure by allowing different classes to participate in governance according to their wealth and contributions. Solon's reforms laid the foundation for greater political participation in Athens.

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