Why might many reformers have worked for or at least supported several different reforms
Poor Athenians protested the ruling in the context of economic inequality and political disenfranchisement, particularly during the time of the oligarchic government. They expressed their discontent through demonstrations and appeals to the democratic ideals of Athens, seeking reforms that would address their grievances and restore more equitable representation in governance. This unrest often centered around issues such as land distribution and access to political power, highlighting the tensions between different social classes in the city-state.
Most reforms tended to focus on the middle and upper classes because these groups had greater political influence, economic resources, and access to education, allowing them to advocate for their interests more effectively. Additionally, reformers often viewed these classes as more capable of implementing and benefiting from changes, believing that improvements for them would ultimately lead to broader societal advancement. Consequently, policies frequently prioritized the needs and concerns of these groups over those of the lower classes.
The key difference was that Gorbachev tried to democratise socialism, and the Chinese maintained the repressive party / state system, whilst democratising the economy.
Napoleon had support from a broad range of social classes. He had the backing of the bourgeoisie, who were seeking stability and a strong central government. He also appealed to the lower classes, who saw Napoleon as a champion of their interests and a bringer of social and economic reforms. Additionally, the military class supported Napoleon due to his promotion of meritocracy and opportunities for advancement.
Why might many reformers have worked for or at least supported several different reforms
In Sparta, it was Lycurgus who implemented reforms that aimed to support the poor. He redistributed land to ensure equal distribution and provided interest-free loans known as "helots" to farmers. This helped uplift the lower classes and ensured their loyalty to the state.
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One prominent factory owner who advocated for social reforms for the working classes was Robert Owen. A social reformer and philanthropist in the early 19th century, Owen is best known for his efforts to improve working conditions in factories and promote workers' rights. He established cooperative communities and was a key figure in the early labor movement, emphasizing the importance of education and fair treatment for workers. His ideas laid the groundwork for future labor reforms and the cooperative movement.
I'm a little rusty with my Austrian leaders, but I believe that he freed the serfs and made a number of reforms beneficial to the lower classes of Austria. They failed mainly because of the conservative sentiment in Austria at the time, as well as the fact that the serfs had nowhere to go after they were freed. Esentially, the reforms were a good idea but bad when put into practice.
Implementing political reforms to increase representation for different ethnic groups, addressing economic disparities through fair resource distribution, and promoting dialogue and reconciliation among different communities could have helped Mikhail Gorbachev stop the unrest in the Russian republics.
a. 8-hour work day
The history of ancient Rome spaned 1,200 years. There was continuous political, social and economic change. There were hundreds of reforms. They dealt with many different situations and many different historical circumstances and occurred in different historical periods. Therefore, there was not a main reason. There was a large array of reasons.
Marius instituted military reforms that contributed significantly to the breakdown of the Roman Republic. The Marian reforms added to the numbers of standing armies by opening up to the lower classes. The reforms also provided retirement benefits through the soldierÕs general. In practice, this made the foot soldier more loyal to their general than to the state. This led to the conditions of the time period of CaesarÕs dictatorship.
what is economics reforms
Agricultural reforms.
The key difference was that Gorbachev tried to democratise socialism, and the Chinese maintained the repressive party / state system, whilst democratising the economy.