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Aristotle believed that the principal function of breathing was to cool the body: `The nature of animals requires cooling owing to the fiery nature of the soul which exists in the heart. It achieves this cooling by breathing.' Aristotle, On Breathing, XVI, Loeb, 467.

In the second century AD, Galen argued that the function of breathing was twofold: to cool the body, and to assist in the infusion of vital spirits to the arterial blood. In his De respiratione of 1603, Fabricius was still cleaving to the Galenian view. Before the function of breathing could be understood, Harvey would need to have discovered the circulation of the blood (1628), the materiality of air would need to have been demonstrated (by Robert Boyle, who showed in the 1660s that it had weight and compressibility), oxygen would need to be discovered (by Joseph Priestley in 1774) and its properties explicated (Lavoisier, 1780s and 1790s).

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