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The Ottoman Empire did not evolve into anything; it dissolved and was replaced. The cultural, political, religious, and social institutions of the Ottoman Empire were completely destroyed by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1919. The Ottoman Army, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the War of Turkish Independence claimed that the Ottoman Empire was defunct and that they were forming the Republic of Turkey. The Treaty of Lausanne in 1922 recognized Turkey as the signatory, not the Ottoman Empire, and the Republic's institutions were built from the ground up.

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13y ago

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