Ten years after the Persian defeat at the Battle of Marathon, they planned a better attack. The next landing of the Persians in Greece saw them bring a large and powerful army of infantry and cavalry forces. They also enlisted the aid of hoplites from their Greek allies.The massive Persian cavalry troops well well armed and the Greeks were at a huge disadvantage with virtually no cavalry. The Greeks depended on their heavy infantry and some light infantry as well.
The Marathon run commemorates the run of 18,000 Athenian soldiers, who ran back the 26 miles to Athens after defeating the Persian infantry at Marathon, in order to defend the city against an attack by the Persian cavalry which was being shipped around to Athens by sea while the Athenian army was engaged at Marathon.
The Battle of Marathon. However Pheidippides was already dead at the time. He had been sent to Sparta to summon them to Marathon, a round trip of 120 miles. He died as a result of that run, and so was not available to go to Athens after the battle. After the battle, the Athenians realised there was an attack by sea on the city, and their army of 9,000 all ran back the 26 miles, getting there just in time to save the city. Sorry, no Pheidippides, but a whole army did the run which formed the basis of today's marathon run.
The Battle of Marathon .
Their cavalry was not at the battle, which was whay they lost it. The cavalry was embarked, heading for Athens to capture it in the absence of the Athenian army. After defeating the inferior Persian infantry at Marathon, the Athenian infantry woke up to what was happening and ran the 26 miles back to Athens, getting there just as the Persians were disembarking, and formed up in front of the city. Traitors were going to open the gates to let the cavalry inn but were frustrated by this. The Persians, their plan gone, went home.
It was not the Greeks versus the Persians, it was Athens and its ally Plataea versus an amphibious force from Persia. The Persians landed at the Plain of Marathon and the Athenains and Plataeans waited in the hill for Spartan reinforcements to arrive. They stayed in the hills to avoid the Persian cavalry, and when they saw the cavalry being embarked on the Persian ships, they ran down and defeated the unsupported inferior infantry caught without their cavalry protection. After this battle, the Athenians realised the cavalry was being shipped around to seize undefended Athens in the absence of its army a Marathon. The Athenian army then ran back the 26 miles to Marathon to save the city, arriving just as the Persian cavalry was disembarking. Frustrated, the Persians went home. The story of Pheidippides doing the run is a fake - he was already dead, having run 60 miles to Sparta to summon them to help, and died of exhaustion on his return. It was the whole Athenian army which did the run to save their city, which inspired today's marathon runs.
The battle of Marathon 490 BCE.
The Persians lost the battle. The Athenian army defeated the Persian expeditionary force.
No, it was the other way round. Athens Defeated the Persian Army at the Battle of Marathon.
Their punitive expedition against Eretreia and Athens losing the battle of Marathon to the Athenian and Plataean armies.
The Athenian army saw an opportunity when the Persians sent their cavalry to embark on ships, and rushed down to engage the inferior Persian infantry.
It was the army of Athens and its ally Plataia. They waited until the Persians were loading their cavalry on ships and attacked the inferior Persian infantry left without their cavalry support.
They lurked in the hills around the Plain of Marathon, waiting on reinforcements from Sparta.
After the Battle of Marathon defeated the Persian infantry, the Athenian army ran home 26 miles over the hills back to their city to protect it from a Persian amphibious attack launched after the battle. The marathon runs today commemorate that run by 9,000 Athenian armored warriors and their 9,000 light infantry.
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They stayed in the hills around the Plain of Marathon where the Persian cavalry couldn't get at them, waiting for reinforcements from Sparta.
Persia mounted a punitive expedition against Eretria and Athens for interfering in the Persian empire. Eretria was captured and the Persians then moved on to capture Athens, landing at the Bay of Marathon 26 miles north of the city. The Athenian army fought it out with them there.
Battle of Marathon