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Both the marines and seamen on the First Fleet were given the same rations, which were as follows:

  • seven pounds of bread a week
  • four pounds of salted beef
  • two pounds of salted pork
  • two pints of peas
  • three pints of oatmeal
  • six ounces of butter
  • three-quarters of a pound of cheese
  • half a pint of vinegar
  • three and a half pints of rum
  • a pound of fresh bread or, when that ran out, a long-lasting "hardtack" bread made from barley

An undetermined amount of rice was included, as well as some of the fruits and vegetables purchased at each stop along the way, depending on its availability.

Captains Arthur Phillip and John Hunter had the added privilege of dining on roast chicken and roast pork from time to time, as well as first choice of the fresh fruits and vegetables.

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