Increased importation of enslaved Africans to the Western Hemisphere.
to produce less expensive, better-quality iron
The triangular trade, which involved the exchange of goods, enslaved people, and raw materials between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, significantly contributed to the rise of capitalism by fostering a system of transatlantic commerce that prioritized profit and investment. European nations and merchants accumulated wealth through the exploitation of enslaved labor and the extraction of resources from colonies, leading to increased capital accumulation. This wealth stimulated economic growth, the rise of a merchant class, and the development of financial institutions, all foundational elements of capitalist economies. Ultimately, the trade networks established during this period laid the groundwork for global trade and industrialization, further entrenching capitalist practices.
India
Portugal's attempt to participate directly in the global spice trade led to the establishment of a vast maritime empire, particularly in Asia. This included the capture of key trading ports, such as Malacca and Goa, which allowed them to control the trade routes and significantly increase their wealth. However, it also sparked intense competition with other European powers, particularly Spain, the Netherlands, and England, ultimately leading to conflicts and shifting alliances in the region. Additionally, the Portuguese efforts helped to expand European knowledge of geography and navigation.
growing cotton required many workerrs
The Triangular Trade routes were either from Britain to Africa, America to Britain, America to Africa, or other routes that lead to either Africa, America, or Britain
In the 1700s, Africa and Portugal traded, but this would lead to great problems. This began the slave trade, which would, only much later, be realized as the inhumane monstrosity it was.
which rulers lead the kingdoms
which rulers lead the kingdoms
to produce less expensive, better-quality iron
which rulers would lead European countries.
which rulers would lead European countries.
which rulers would lead European kingdoms
which rulers would lead European countries.
which rulers would lead European countries.
In the 1700s France and England were in conflict over which of them would control North America. There were multiple battles over the years that lead to an all-out war in 1754.
Surplus are basically excess products which may of course lead to trade. After all, these excess products may lead to excess profit as well