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From the 4th century BC until the Marian reform of 107 BC the Roman infantry had four types of infantrymen. After the Marian reform these four types were abolished and all soldiers used the same equipment.

The heavy infantry had three types of soldiers. The hastati who formed the first rank of the battle formation, with 40 men across and three men deep. They wore light armour (a breastplate) and a helmet and used a convex rectangular shield made of wood and covered with iron. Originally they were armed with a thrusting spear (hasta, plural hastae). Later they were given a sword and two javelins (pilum, plural pila). The pricipesformed the second rank, 12 men across and 10 deep. They wore chainmail vests and used the same helmets shields and weapons. The triarii formed the third rank, which was divided into two formations, each 6 men across and 10 men deep. They wore a cuirass (heavy armour) and had large round shields. They originally had two pila, but later they become the only soldiers to use the hastae. The triarii were the richest men and the hastate the poorest ones.

There was also the light infantry which supported the heavy infantry. These soldiers were called velites. They were unarmoured skirmishing troop with a sword, a small round shield and several pila.

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Roman citizens who enlisted in the army for 20 years were called soldiers. The Latin for soldier is "miles".Roman citizens who enlisted in the army for 20 years were called soldiers. The Latin for soldier is "miles".Roman citizens who enlisted in the army for 20 years were called soldiers. The Latin for soldier is "miles".Roman citizens who enlisted in the army for 20 years were called soldiers. The Latin for soldier is "miles".Roman citizens who enlisted in the army for 20 years were called soldiers. The Latin for soldier is "miles".Roman citizens who enlisted in the army for 20 years were called soldiers. The Latin for soldier is "miles".Roman citizens who enlisted in the army for 20 years were called soldiers. The Latin for soldier is "miles".Roman citizens who enlisted in the army for 20 years were called soldiers. The Latin for soldier is "miles".Roman citizens who enlisted in the army for 20 years were called soldiers. The Latin for soldier is "miles".


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