What disinfranchment did the Jim Crow Laws caused?

Answer 1

The Jim Crow Laws enforced racial segregation and discrimination in the Southern United States from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century. These laws systematically disenfranchised African Americans by imposing literacy tests, poll taxes, and understanding clauses, which were often applied subjectively and disproportionately affected Black voters. Additionally, they created an environment of intimidation and violence that further suppressed Black political participation and civil rights, effectively marginalizing them in the democratic process.