Other than saying the person is a "specialist in..." or a "... major" (if in college), there's the use of the suffix "-logist" or "-ologist" for experts/scholars in particular fields: antropologist, paleontologist, mineralogist, theologist, meteorologist, biologist, bacteriologist... "TheEnglish suffix -ology or -logydenotes a field of study or academicdiscipline, and -ologist describes a person who studies that field. (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ologies#List_of_-ologies)
He is called an "Amateur"
You call someone that studies metal a metallurgist.
You'd call them a sociologist if they study society and group behavior or a psychologist when it involves just one subject.
A physicist.
a person who studies planets is a planetologist.
There is no special name for someone who studies Hebrew.
florist
An Anthropologist.
Microbiologists
Brocollogist
A Zoologist
malacologist