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Let's arbitrarily choose 1 BC as the cutoff for "ancient". Elements that were known and in use by that time (they weren't known to be elements, of course, since that concept in the modern sense of the word didn't exist until 1789) were copper, gold, lead, silver, iron, carbon, tin, sulfur, Mercury, zinc (which was known in pure form by 1000 BC, but thought to be an alloy of some kind until about 800 AD), antimony, and chromium. It's possible that by stretching the point a bit you could include arsenic (arsenic wasn't definitively isolated in elemental form until around 1250 AD, but it was used in alloys in the early bronze age).

If we use Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 redefinition of "element" as the cutoff, add bismuth, phosphorus, cobalt, platinum, nickel, magnesium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, manganese, barium, molybdenum, tellurium, tungsten, and strontium to the list.

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