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The Allies' development and use of both the escorted convoy system and Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) weapons and techniques, and the breaking of the German ENIGMA code, spelled the end of the early successes that Germany's U-boats enjoyed at the outset of WWII.

Escort vessels in time came to include Destroyers, Destroyer Escorts (Frigates), Escort Carriers for air cover (initial use of Merchant Carriers was an interim measure before EC's were introduced).

ASW technology and weapons, including Radar, Hedgehog/Squid ASW mortars, and the nighttime Leigh Light (a powerful spotlight aligned with Radar to illuminate U-boats during their final surface attack run), provided a significant improvement in kills and a proportionate decrease in losses.

This convergence of all ASW technology eventually led to an end-of-war 75% loss rate for the U-boats.

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