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Rome plunged into civil wars primarily due to political corruption, social inequality, and the struggle for power among military leaders. The concentration of wealth and land in the hands of a few elite created widespread discontent among the lower classes, while ambitious generals, like Julius Caesar and Pompey, leveraged their armies to gain political influence. These conflicts weakened the republic by undermining traditional political institutions, eroding civic trust, and leading to a cycle of violence that ultimately resulted in the rise of autocratic rule. The fragmentation of power and loyalty to individual leaders over the state further destabilized Rome, paving the way for the transition to imperial rule.

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