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After the Chaldean dynasty, particularly under King Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylon experienced a period of cultural and architectural flourishing, marked by the construction of the famed Hanging Gardens and the Ishtar Gate. However, this prosperity was short-lived; Babylon fell to the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great in 539 BCE. This conquest led to the incorporation of Babylon into a larger imperial framework, ultimately diminishing its political autonomy and influence. The fall of Babylon marked the end of Chaldean dominance in the region.

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