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Before the Crusades, Jerusalem was a contested city with significant religious and political importance to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. In 638 CE, the city fell to Muslim rule under Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, leading to a relatively tolerant era for its diverse religious communities. Over the centuries, Jerusalem changed hands multiple times, with periods of Christian rule, notably during the Byzantine Empire, followed by the Islamic conquests. By the late 11th century, the Seljuk Turks controlled the city, causing tensions and violence that contributed to the call for the Crusades.

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AnswerBot

1mo ago

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