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What is the significance of the Trans Saharan Trade?
Between the 8th and 18th centuries, Trans Saharan trade was at its peak and made Western Africa a major trade route. This allowed to trade with Arabia, Europe, India and China. It brought prosperity, religion (Islam) the establishment of new and vital cities as well as new world knowledge of their previously unknown cities.
Why did the Moroccan army decide to invade the Songhai Empire?
The dominant reason for Morocco's invasion of the Songhai Empire was to dominate the Trans-Saharan Salt-for-Gold Trade. The Songhai Empire was wealthy with gold, and this attracted the Moroccans. While the Songhai military was very skilled, it was no modernized, allowing Moroccan armies using firearms to overrun the empire in 1591.It is worth noting that there was never a motive of conversion since both Morocco and the Songhai Empire were Sunni Islamic States and that the Songhai had been largely peaceful towards the Moroccans prior to the invasion.
How did the arrival of the Muslim Arabs affect the practice of slavery in Africa?
Prior to the Trans-Saharan Slave trade in Islamic Empires, slavery in Africa was relatively simple. Tribe A fought Tribe B and if Tribe A defeated Tribe B, then the captured soldiers and civilians of Tribe B became the slaves of Tribe A. Slaves stayed relatively local to where they were and there were no slave markets (even though there may have been an informal buying and selling of slaves). By contrast, Islamic States pioneered many of the quintessential parts of what would define the European Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in the 16th-19th centuries when they created the Trans-Saharan Slave Trae. This included long-distance travel between the slave acquisition and the market, the use of large competitive marketplaces in urban centers to auction slaves, the development of legal doctrines about what rights owners had to transfer slaves to other owners, and, contrary to Islamic teachings and modern science, that Blacks had a more beastial nature, making them better-suited to the rigors of hard work and enslavement. It should not be surprising that the Spanish and Portuguese (who had lived under Islamic States for centuries) were the first European States to re-create a complex enslavement system. Unlike the Europeans, though, Arab Muslims saw fit to castrate all of their male African slaves so that they could not form a large Black population in the Arab countries. African female slaves were often sexually abused by their masters.
Why did the trade unionist get involved in the holocaust?
They didn't, trade unions had been banned for about eight years before the Holocaust.
By what date had the Arabs been virtually excluded from European trade?
1100
