the Royal Road
Catholic Church and absentee emigre nobles.
The empire became too big and difficult to defend. There were attacks in various parts of the vast frontiers of the empire in Europe. In the east there were repeated wars with the Persians. The Roman army became overstretched.
People were upset because the church paid no taxes on its vast landholdings. Reformers also objected to the sale of indulgences. They also did not like the way the church spent its money. Many popes spent large sums of money on their personal pleasure.
William the Conqueror helped spread feudalism in England after his successful invasion in 1066 by implementing a system of land distribution that reinforced loyalty and service. He granted vast tracts of land to his loyal followers, or barons, in exchange for military support, creating a hierarchy of lords and vassals. This system established the foundation for feudal relationships, where land ownership was tied to obligations of service and protection, thereby embedding feudalism in English society and governance. Additionally, the Domesday Book documented landholdings, further solidifying the feudal structure.
In 1378, the Catholic Church faced significant challenges that weakened its authority, including the Great Schism, where multiple claimants to the papacy emerged, and widespread corruption and moral decay among the clergy. Additionally, the rise of humanism and calls for reform highlighted the church's failings. However, the steadfast loyalty of many believers and the church's vast landholdings and wealth continued to provide a degree of stability and influence. Thus, while various factors contributed to its weakening, certain elements, like committed followers, helped maintain its power.
The royal road
Catholic Church and absentee emigre nobles.
The National Assembly took the vast landholdings of the French nobility and sold them off. Nobles also lost their privileges such as the hunt on their land, seigneurial justice, and funeral honors.
the road system helped the incas govern their vast empire
They used sea transport, and inland, draft animals. They also constructed a system of trails for those inland cities for couriers of the government, the most famous being the so-called Royal Road.
They build a stytem of roads
Roads
The Persians were significant to the Seljuks as they played a crucial role in the cultural and administrative development of the Seljuk Empire. After the Seljuks conquered Persia in the 11th century, they adopted many aspects of Persian culture, including language, literature, and governance, which helped to legitimize their rule. The fusion of Turkic and Persian elements led to a rich cultural synthesis that influenced art, architecture, and philosophy in the region. Additionally, Persian administrative practices helped the Seljuks effectively manage their vast empire.
Roads.
Vast estates created aristocratic landholdings in the Hudson River Valley. In 1629, The Dutch West India Company granted tracts of land to Dutch Americans in good standing. In return, the member were to establish a colony of 50-families in a span of 4-years time.
Sauropods likely had adaptations such as long necks, efficient digestive systems, and specialized teeth that helped them eat vast quantities of food.
The American River was named by John Sutter in 1839 when he selected the point at which it flows into the Sacramento River as the site for his headquarters, Fort Sutter, at the center of the vast landholdings he called Nueva Helvetica, after his homeland.