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Instead of punched cards, users interacted with their computers using keyboards, monitors, and operating systems.

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What replaced vacuum tubes in the computer?

Integrated circuits (in many microprocessor integrated circuits) containing many billions of transistors each.


How are integrated circuits named?

You go to the bottom of your computer and click the icon.


When you examine a computer chip under a microscope what will you see?

integrated circuits


What was the first computer to use cmputer chips (made out of transistors)?

The first computer to use integrated circuits made of transistors was the IBM 7094, introduced in 1962. However, the first commercially available computer to use transistor-based chips was the UNIVAC I, released in 1951, which utilized individual transistors rather than integrated circuits. These advancements marked a significant shift from vacuum tube technology to more compact and efficient transistor technology in computing.


What has the author James J Morikuni written?

James J. Morikuni has written: 'Computer-aided design of optoelectronic integrated circuits and systems' -- subject(s): Computer-aided design, Integrated circuits, Optoelectronic devices


What is technology and innovation?

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Innovation is the improvement of an existing technology. For example, Steve Jobs innovated the computer, computer mouse, and cell phone.


Where is germanium and silicon located in computer chips?

Germanium is not used in integrated circuits. Silicon is.


Are very small pieces of semiconducting material that contain integrated circuits?

computer chips


True or false the first computers to use the integrated circuit were known as third-generation computers?

True. Some of these computers used hybrid integrated circuits (e.g. IBM System/360) and some used monolithic integrated circuits (e.g. Apollo Guidance Computer, Minuteman II Guidance Computer)


What has the author David J Comer written?

David J. Comer has written: 'Electronic design with integrated circuits' -- subject(s): Electronic circuit design, Integrated circuits, Large scale integration 'Computer analysis of circuits' 'Microprocessor-based system design'


What has the author Tadej Tuma written?

Tadej Tuma has written: 'Circuit simulation with SPICE OPUS' -- subject(s): SPICE (Computer file), Electronic circuits, Computer simulation, Linear integrated circuits


What has the author Robert F Coughlin written?

Robert F. Coughlin has written: 'LABORATORY MANUAL FOR INTEGRATED COMPUTER CIRCUITS' 'Principles and applications of semiconductors and circuits' -- subject(s): Transistor circuits