What is an adjective for Caesar augusts?

Answer 1

Augustus was an adjective, or better, a title. His real name was Imperator Caesar Divi Filus. Augustus, which meant winner in battle, son of the divine Caesar, the Venerable One. Augustus was a honorary title which was bestowed on him and added to his name.

Augusts was not his name. Historians have chosen to use this name to indicate the period when he was emperor. His original name was Gaius Octavius. When he was adopted by Julius Caesar, following Roman naming conventions, his mane changed to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. In 42 BC, when Julius Caesar was deified after his death, he chose to call himself Gaius Julius Caesar Divi Filius (Gaius Son of the Divine Julius Caesar). In 38 BC he dropped Gaius and Caesar and replaced them with Imperator, which did not mean emperor. It meant winner in battle. He became Imperator Caesar Divi Filius. When he became the absolute ruler of Rome, the senate bestowed on him the title of Augustus, which is usually translated as the venerable one. This was a religious title, rather than a political one. Therefore his name became Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus.

Augustus was the first absolute ruler of Rome, which historian call imperator. However, Augustus did not use this term and the Romans never used it. The term he chose was princeps, which mean first citizen and first among equals.