Scurvy is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), which is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps maintain the integrity of connective tissues, skin, and blood vessels. Symptoms include fatigue, swollen gums, joint pain, and anemia. Historically, scurvy was prevalent among sailors and those with limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables. Treatment involves increasing vitamin C intake through diet or supplements.