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Settling refers to the process where particles or sediments in a fluid gradually sink to the bottom due to gravity, forming layers over time. Floating, on the other hand, occurs when objects or substances remain suspended on the surface of a fluid, usually due to buoyancy, which is the upward force that counteracts gravity. Both processes are influenced by the density and size of the particles relative to the fluid. Together, they play significant roles in various natural and industrial systems, such as sedimentation in water bodies and the separation of materials in waste treatment.

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In a settling tank, floating oils and scum rise to the surface due to their lower density compared to water. This accumulation forms a layer that can be skimmed off for removal. Meanwhile, heavier solids settle to the bottom, allowing for clearer water to be collected from the middle layer. Proper management of these floating materials is essential to prevent contamination and maintain the efficiency of the treatment process.


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