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A share tenancy is a mis-leading term that is synonymous with share cropping. There was really no "sharing"at all. Rather, it allowed the continued oppression of the former slaves. This was a system of farming that arose at the end of the Civil War.

The freed slaves were poor and uneducated. Farmers would make an arrangement with the sharecropper under which the former slaves would farm the land under strict supervision, purchase their supplies from the farmer, use his machinery and pay the farmer with a portion of the crop . . . a large portion, plus interest. The sharecropper could never catch up and remained dirt poor. All they had to offer was their labor and they had to use their labor to continue to live and they lived in abject poverty. It eventually involved poor whites also. It was a system that was filled with abuse and dishonesty.

A related system was the crop lien system. The crop lien system kept many farmers in debt to merchants and banks in much the same was a sharecropper was always in debt to the owner. They could never catch up and earn any actual profits.

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