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Religion in Mesopotamia was polytheistic, with a pantheon of gods associated with natural forces, city-states, and agricultural fertility, and practices often focused on appeasing these deities through rituals and offerings. In contrast, ancient Egyptian religion also featured a complex pantheon but emphasized the afterlife, with a strong focus on the pharaoh's divine status and the importance of burial practices. While both cultures revered their gods and built monumental temples, Mesopotamian religion was more localized to city-states, whereas Egyptian religion was more centralized and unified under the authority of the pharaoh. Additionally, the Egyptians placed a greater emphasis on immortality and the afterlife compared to the Mesopotamians.

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