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The Essenes were a Jewish sect during the Second Temple period, known for their ascetic lifestyle and apocalyptic beliefs. They largely withdrew from mainstream Jewish society, which they viewed as corrupt, and established communities such as Qumran near the Dead Sea. Their relationship with Roman rule was largely one of opposition; they were critical of the political and religious leadership that collaborated with Rome. While the Essenes sought to live a pious life apart from the influence of Rome, their existence and beliefs were indirectly shaped by the broader context of Roman occupation in Judea.

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What were the three groups of Jews under roman rule?

Under Roman rule, the Jewish population was primarily divided into three groups: the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Essenes. The Pharisees emphasized oral tradition and the interpretation of the Torah, promoting a more flexible approach to Jewish law. The Sadducees, composed mainly of the priestly and wealthy class, held a more literal interpretation of the Torah and rejected the oral traditions. The Essenes, a smaller, ascetic group, withdrew from mainstream society and practiced communal living, often associated with the Dead Sea Scrolls.


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