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Republic derives from the Latin words res publica= things held in common. Their Republic acknowledged that all citizens had an interest in the state, its property and its state religion, and that they could influence its governance.

This was achieved by three popular assemblies:

  • the Tribal Assembly which was all male citizens assembled and voting by tribes.
  • the Centuriate Assembly, which was all male citizens assembled under arms in centuries, voting on war, peace and foreign relations.
  • the Plebeian Assembly which included all male citizens who were Plebs (that is not of the small minority Patrician families) which elected 10 Tribunes of the Plebs to sit in the Senate, and enacted laws of their own making.

The Senate was the governing body, with the executive being the magistrates, each of whom had functions (Consuls war leaders and religious custodians, Praetors law and governance etc). It debated and voted on issues, and could enact laws.

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