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There were few domesticable animals in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans after 1492. No sheep, goats, horses (there had been horses but they became extinct in prehistoric times), pigs, cows, chickens - the animals on which most agriculture is based, and also transport, up until the industrial revolution.

This meant animal protein in the Mayan diet generally came from smaller animals, and that traction (such as ploughing and transport) had to be done mainly by human labor. It also meant that clothing had to be made from plant fibres (such as manguey) rather than animal hair. Where possible they transported stuff by boat rather than road, which takes less effort.

They had dogs, which were domesticated as pets, hunting companions, and also used for food. They had ducks and turkeys. They hunted hares and turtles, small deer and peccaries. There were jaguars in the forests - many Mesoamerican myths feature jaguars, and jaguar skins were highly prized. There were many types of reptile: snakes and crocodiles and iguanas. Iguanas were eaten, as were armadillos and tapirs - their cooked bones have been found in domestic rubbish heaps. There were small monkeys. Central America is extremely rich in bird life - lots of representations of birds appear in Mayan pictures and carvings, and they made headdresses and body ornaments from the brightly-coloured feathers. They lived in areas with a long coastline and plentiful rivers, so they certainly ate fish and sea mammals such as manatees. They kept bees and used their honey.

The llama and the alpaca were domesticated in the Andes by the Inca people - a long way from MesoAmerica - but the Mayans may (in the later period, at least) have used llamas. However, no llamas appear in the Mayan codices, which have images of many animals that were important to the Mayans, from shellfish to bats.

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12y ago

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