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They began learning Scripture, reading and writing, at 5. At 10 they were able to listen to oral interpretations of scripture. At 13 they were given the responsibility of fulfilling the commandments (Pirkei Avoth ch.4). Children would then begin to learn the family trade (Talmud, Kidushin 82a) while continuing their Torah studies. Male Jewish literacy was close to 100% in every generation. At age 15 the brightest would become a Talmid (disciple of a Rabbi) and devote their lives to the study of the Torah.
Their education involved a great deal of memorization and by the age of 13 most would have memorized the entire Tanakh. Their education was based on relationship. The intent was to shape the children's hearts as opposed to shaping only the children's minds. Good behavior, attitudes and self-control was taught together with the regular studies.

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10y ago

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