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Caravels, I should imagine. I know the Nina and the Pinta (sp?) were both caravels, but the Santa Maria was a larger class of ship. Caravels were great for exploration, as they had a shallow draft, allowing them to sail in much shallower water(could even sail up some deep rivers) and as such, I should imagine that they would be what any explorer would use.

The flagship Santa Maria had the nickname La Gallega. It was a nao, which simply means "ship" in old Spanish; today, we might call such a ship a carrack. She was fat and slow, designed for hauling cargo, not for exploration. Some sources say that the Santa Maria was about 100 tons. I saw the copy of the ship that used to be moored at the Barcelona harbour, and it is pretty scary to think that she was the biggest of the three ships that sailed to the unknown in 1492.
It would be accurate and correct to say that he used the caravel -which he did, as two out of three of his ships were caravels, which were a newly developed lighter, faster ship.

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