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The collapse of Enron was primarily due to widespread accounting fraud and corporate malfeasance, where the company used complex financial structures and off-balance-sheet entities to hide debt and inflate profits. This deception eroded investor trust and ultimately led to a loss of confidence in the company's financial statements. The scandal was exacerbated by the complicity of accounting firm Arthur Andersen, which failed to ensure accurate audits. Enron filed for bankruptcy in December 2001, marking one of the largest bankruptcies in U.S. history and leading to significant regulatory reforms in corporate governance and accounting practices.

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