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Practically every man in the south of military age was in the Confederate service.

There were thirty million people in the country at the 1860 census. Twenty-one million in the north and nine million in the south. The southern population included three and a half million slaves and close to another half million free blacks. So there were just over five million white inhabitants of the south. About half of these would have been males - two and one half million. If you make allowances for those too old or young to be in the army, perhaps one million were of the correct age. The most careful estimates of men in the Confederate army are 900,000, but estimates range from 600,000 to 1,100,000. Some states, such as North Carolina, sent more men to the Confederate army than there were registered voters - you had to be a white man over the age of 21 to vote.

Not all of them enlisted. In 1861 volunteers for the southern service were turned away, because there were no weapons or uniforms with which to equip them. The enthusiasm for the war died out after a few months, with the letters home from camp, the deaths from disease which were soon killing off volunteers, and the toll of big battles. The Confederacy resorted to a draft law in April 1862, just over a year before the Union had to do the same.

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