What structural and economic changes occurred and what effects stemmed from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century?

Answer 1

The Industrial Revolution in the 19th century brought significant structural changes, including the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized urban centers, leading to the rise of factories and mass production. Economically, this period saw increased productivity, the emergence of new industries, and the growth of a wage labor force, which contributed to urbanization and changes in social classes. However, it also resulted in harsh working conditions, environmental degradation, and widening income inequality, as wealth became concentrated among industrialists and capitalists. These changes laid the groundwork for modern economic systems and labor movements.