There were four for monks and nuns: the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, plus the vow of stability (meaning a commitment to remain within their monastic community for the remainder of their lives).
Friars took only three vows (poverty, chastity and obedience).
In a monastery or abbeyMonks live in monasteries, and nuns live in convents or in monasteries.
Monks lived in an abbey or priory (headed by an Abbot or Prior); nuns lived in a nunnery or convent headed by an Abbess or Prioress.
Generally speaking, monks and nuns lived in monasteries or convents, and did very much the same sorts of things other people did in terms of raising food, cleaning, cooking, and so on. They did not have families, but spent their time in prayer and devotion instead. Many monks and nuns worked at specialized jobs, and there was a wide range of these from tending the sick and making medicine, to making cheese or wine, copying books, singing in choirs, educating people, and providing inns for pilgrims and other travelers, protecting travelers on the road, and even fighting wars. There are links below.
Monks and nuns contributed to the Middle Ages in many ways. One way was to care for the sick and poor. Another way was to build schools and teach at schools.
Monasticism is a life of living apart from society in order to better worship.
Monks and nuns do the monks' and nuns' jobs now.
You just call Monks Monks and Nuns Nuns. They don't have any other names.
nuns
Monks - monastery. Nuns - convent.
Yes, there are Buddhist nuns as well as monks. They're known as Bhikkhuni.
Monks and nuns spread Byzantine influence through their missionary work.
Basically the same as they are today, monks and nuns are people who have dedicated their lives to praising God, they are bound to the three vows of Conversatio Morum, obedience and stability - as most monks and nuns are in the Benedictine tradition. If they are not Benedictine, for instance, Augustinians, they take the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Their day is spent in choir singing the Office, and they usually have some work to support themselves.
Regular diocesan priests make promises of celibacy and obedience to the Bishop. Members of Religious Orders (Nuns/Sisters and Friars/Monks) take vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience to their Superior/Abbott.
No
monasteries- the dwelling place of a community of monks
Yes
The ordination of monks and nuns and the bi-weekly recitation of the rules for monks and nuns. Some schools of Buddhism have additional rituals.