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The two key pieces of legislation that facilitated the opening of the West in the United States were the Homestead Act of 1862 and the Pacific Railway Act of 1862. The Homestead Act encouraged westward expansion by granting 160 acres of public land to settlers who would cultivate it for at least five years. Meanwhile, the Pacific Railway Act provided federal support for the construction of the transcontinental railroad, which connected the eastern and western parts of the country, making travel and transport of goods more efficient. Together, these acts significantly accelerated settlement and development in the western territories.

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