If you are referring to the plebeian tribunes, rather than the military tribunes, their establishment reflected social divisions and conflict, rather than values. These tribunes were established during the first rebellion by plebeian movement (594 BC) which started the 200-year long Conflict of the Orders between the patricians (the aristocracy) and the plebeians (the commoners).
The poor plebeians rebelled because the Roman state, which at that time was patrician-controlled, refused to meet their demand for protection for defaulting creditors who imprisoned them, tortured them and sometimes sold them as slaves. At that time the rich ensured labour from the poor through debt bondage/slavery (nexus). The poor were locked into perpetual indebtedness at unaffordable levels so that debt was repaid through labour services. This was a system which lent itself to the abuse mentioned above.
During the first rebellion the plebeians created their own assembly to deliberate of their issues (the Plebeian Council) and leaders for their movement (the plebeian tribunes). In the negotiations to end the rebellion, the plebeians obtained the recognition of their assembly and their leaders by the Roman state. The plebeian tribunes were recognised as representatives of the plebeians, but not as officers of state and were not integrated in the patrician-controlled Roman state. Their authority was derived from what was effectively a lynch law.
The plebeians swore to obey their leaders and to defend them to the death: that is, they would kill anyone who would try to harm them. This was legitimised through the lex sacrata. This was a religious rule according to which someone who harmed the gods was declared sacer esto (let him be accursed) and became forfeit to the gods. Anyone who killed such an offender carried out a sacred duty and was exempted from penalties. This rule was applied to the plebeian tribunes, who became sacrosanct (inviolable). This was instituted because the plebeians vowed retribution in case of attacks on their leaders.
The plebeian tribunes' inviolability through the lex sacrata gave them extensive powers, which included enforcing their will by coercion (coercitio, which was a right otherwise held only by the officers of state to compel reluctant citizens to obey their orders) imposing penalties, imprisonment or even the death penalty. These powers were restricted to cases when their authority was challenged or there was a verbal of physical attack on them. The plebeian tribunes also had a special right to provocation (calling out). This was a right Roman citizens had to appeal to the people against an officer of state's arbitrary use of power. The citizen could shout "provoco ad populum" (I call out to the people) to have the action stopped. The plebeian tribunes could stop an action which they deemed harmful to the plebeians or rescue the plebeians by using provocatio on their behalf. By doing so he gave assistance (auxilium) to the plebeians. This was an extra-legal procedure which was made enforceable through the dire consequences of the lex sacrata and the inviolability of the plebeian tribunes. It required the physical presence of the plebeian tribunes and was not applicable outside the city walls.
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Marullus is a character in William Shakespeare's play "Julius Caesar." He is a tribune who, along with Flavius, opposes the celebration of Caesar's triumph and seeks to protect the Roman Republic from what they see as the dangers of Caesar’s growing power. Marullus criticizes the common people for their fickleness in celebrating Caesar, highlighting themes of loyalty and political manipulation in the play. His role underscores the tensions between populism and the preservation of republican values.
The Roman character during the civil wars of Rome often revealed a complex interplay of ambition, loyalty, and conflict. Individuals were driven by personal ambition and the desire for power, leading to betrayals and shifting alliances. This tumultuous period also highlighted the deep-rooted values of honor and duty, as many Romans grappled with their loyalties to the Republic versus their allegiance to powerful leaders. Ultimately, the civil wars underscored the fragility of Roman political institutions and the consequences of unchecked ambition.
The French Republic's commitment to the ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity has been complex and often contradictory. Initially, the Revolution sought to establish these principles, leading to significant social and political changes, including the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. However, subsequent periods, including the Reign of Terror and the rise of authoritarian regimes, revealed challenges in fully realizing these ideals for all citizens. Over time, while the Republic has made strides toward embodying these values, ongoing struggles with inequality and civil rights continue to test its commitment.
A. Cincinnatus led the army to victory and then gave up power to return to his farm is a key event that exemplifies the Roman Republic's values of civic duty and selflessness. Other significant achievements during this period include the establishment of the Senate as a governing body, the creation of the Twelve Tables, and the expansion of Rome's territory through military conquests and alliances. Notable figures include Gaius Marius, who reformed the Roman army, and Sulla, who played a crucial role in the civil wars that marked the end of the Republic.
what are the tradition of Afro-Asian or values are revealed in the picture
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Ramayana promoted the values of honesty and truth. Mahabharata promotes the values of karma.
culture,history,and othersindustry?
culture,history,and othersindustry?
Chinese Republic Day, also known as Double Tenth Day, is celebrated on October 10th each year. It commemorates the Wuchang Uprising of 1911, which led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. The day is marked by various ceremonies and celebrations, particularly in Taiwan, where it is a national holiday, showcasing pride in the country's history and democratic values.
Africa is not boang
Africa is not boang
Africa is not boang
Hippies and Yippies
Africa is not boang
Africa is not boang