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A German concentration camp used during WWII to house Jews, Gypsies, Homosexuals and political dissidents. It operated as a Nazi concentration camp from 1937-1945 and was originally intended for political dissidents. Eugen Kogon, who was a prisoner there from 1939-1945 and survived, wrote a book about his experiences, and about the concentration camps more generally. Kogon was very resilient and regained his health fairly quickly after the camp was liberated. He wrote the book in 1945-1946, and some of the chapters were used as evidence by the prosecution at Nuremberg. Written so soon after his experiences there, the book has a remarkable 'immediacy'. It has been translated into English with the title 'The Theory and Practice of Hell'. Most larger libraries have a copy.
Buchenwald was a Grade II concentration camp established in 1937 mainly for political prisoners (dissidents).

For a while after Kristallnacht (Night of the Broken Glass, 9-10 November 1938) it also had a large number of Jewish prisoners. In 1944 several prisoners from Auschwitz (especially Auschwitz III - Monowitz) were moved there, as the Soviet Army drew close to Auschwitz.

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