The Ottomans did not recognize the concept of Palestine as any sort of administrative term. The area was administrated as three separate governates/provinces: the Wilayet of Damascus (which controlled much of what is now southwest Syria, Jordan, and southern Israel), the Wilayet of Beirut (which controlled much of Lebanon and northern Israel), and the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem (which controlled the central area of Israel and the Palestinian Territories).
The Roman Empire ruled Palestine, but the Romans allowed the Jewish priests to take care of the relgous matters of the Jews.
Answer 1No. technically, Israelis didn't exist before 1948. (And prior to the 1880's, there were very few Jews living in the region.)Answer 2The militias that would eventually form the Israeli Army, especially the Lehi and the Haganah were formed by British Command in Ottoman Palestine (specifically the Mutasafirat of Jerusalem) to oppose the Ottomans in World War I. Therefore, the forerunners of Israel were partially responsible for the fall of the Ottoman Empire. In such Jewish Battalions, the future Jewish heroes of the British Mandate Period such as Jabotinsky and Trumpeldor came to the fore. However, strictly speaking, these people were not Israelis and were identified as Palestinians at the time. (The distinction that Jews living in British Palestine were not Palestinians comes out of Israeli independence.)
yes they did
The Ottoman Empire cannot in all fairness be blamed for any role in the origins of the Arab-Israeli conflict. It was master of Palestine during the many centuries that the area was a place where the Arab majority and the small Jewish minority lived peacefully together.The single dominant party to play a role in the origins of the Israeli-Arab conflic was Great Britain. After the British 'Balfour Declaration' of 1917 stating that a 'home' should be established for Jews in Palestine, the Ottoman Empire only commented that there would be legislation by which "all justifiable wishes of the Jews in Palestine would be able to find their fulfilment".The Jewish claim on a Jewish State in Palestine mostly emerged ten to fifteen years after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1922, namely during the period when Palestine was a British protectorate. The reason: the British had made the promise, and now they were in a position to make good on their promise. The Arabs with some justification saw this as a breach by the British of earlier agreements made with them. Also, it was the Zionist Jews who decided that the 'home' promised in the Balfour Declaration should be read as 'State', and Great Britain in the end decided to go along with that.Great Britain never put in a serious effort to convince the Arab world to accept the Jewish State in any size or form. When the State of Israel came into being in 1948, the Arab nations were therefore still completely hostile to the idea. And there are the origins of the Israeli-Arab conflict that endures to this day
The political movement to reestablish a Jewish state in Palestine, a province of the Ottoman Empire, began with the Zionist movement led by Theodor Herzl in 1897. Britain gained control of the Palestine Mandate following World War 1. In 1917 British Foreign Secretary Balfour issued the Balfour Declaration, calling for the establishment of a Jewish home in Palestine. Jewish immigration which began in 1882 continued although it was restricted by the British in the 1930s. Jewish immigration to Palestine resumed in large numbers after the Holocaust in 1945. In 1947, the British gave control of 78% of the Palestine Mandate to the Arab Hashemite tribe. The UN issued a partition plan for the remaining 22% to be divided into Jewish and Arab states. The Jews accepted the plan, but it was rejected by Arab leaders. Israel declared independence in 1948. It was attacked by Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq, but prevailed in 1949. Between 1948 - 1950, 800,000 to a million Jews were expelled or forced from their homes by Arab governments and anti-Jewish riots. Most of them were resettled in Israel.
The Ottoman Empire lost Palestine after World War I due to its defeat in the war and the subsequent partitioning of its territories by the Allied powers. The Treaty of Sèvres in 1920 initially aimed to dismantle the empire and assign control of various regions to the victors, leading to the establishment of the British Mandate in Palestine. Additionally, rising nationalist movements among both Arab and Jewish populations contributed to the region's instability, further undermining Ottoman authority. Ultimately, the empire's collapse and the geopolitical changes in the region paved the way for British control over Palestine.
From 1492 to World War I, the Ottoman Empire allowed large numbers of Jewish refugees to settle in Palestine as well as other Ottoman lands. Prior to the 20th Century, Jewish settlement was seen as an economic development tool. After World War I, under British rule, while the pressure from refugees increased, British mandate Palestine enacted more and more restrictions on refugee resettlement.
The Roman empire.
During World War I, Palestine was part of the Ottoman Empire, which sided with the Central Powers. The region became a significant battleground, particularly with the British campaign to capture Jerusalem and the Suez Canal from Ottoman control. The Balfour Declaration in 1917, in which Britain expressed support for a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, further complicated the situation, setting the stage for future conflicts. Following the war, the League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Palestine, leading to increased tensions between Jewish and Arab populations.
Jews had nothing terribly important to do with World War I. The war was not fought about Jews (even though Jews were part of every involved army from a major power other than the Ottoman Empire). Jews often fought valiantly for their homelands, as diverse as American Jews fighting for the US and German Jews fighting for the German Empire or Second Reich. The only "Jewish" part of the war was the presence of Jewish militias in Ottoman Palestine who assisted the British in liberating that area from Ottoman control.
The Ottoman Empire was an incredibly diverse empire, which had large Turkish, Arab, Jewish, Armenian, Azeri, Georgian, Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Berber, Hungarian, Yugoslavs, and Bulgars (not necessarily in the order of Population).
The Roman Empire ruled Palestine, but the Romans allowed the Jewish priests to take care of the relgous matters of the Jews.
Answer 1No. technically, Israelis didn't exist before 1948. (And prior to the 1880's, there were very few Jews living in the region.)Answer 2The militias that would eventually form the Israeli Army, especially the Lehi and the Haganah were formed by British Command in Ottoman Palestine (specifically the Mutasafirat of Jerusalem) to oppose the Ottomans in World War I. Therefore, the forerunners of Israel were partially responsible for the fall of the Ottoman Empire. In such Jewish Battalions, the future Jewish heroes of the British Mandate Period such as Jabotinsky and Trumpeldor came to the fore. However, strictly speaking, these people were not Israelis and were identified as Palestinians at the time. (The distinction that Jews living in British Palestine were not Palestinians comes out of Israeli independence.)
Yes.
Yes.
yes they did
Most Palestinian Arabs were agricultural and the area had been a backwater for most of the Ottoman Period. The only major industries in Mandatory Palestine were those built by Zionist Jewish Settlers.