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In the 1920s and 1930s, the Democratic party was the party of free trade, while the Republican party was more protectionist. The 1930 Smoot-Hawley tariff was based by a Republican Congress and the Republican President at the time- Hoover.

Roosevelt promised to lower tariffs on a bilateral basis, and there were moves towards freer trade. However, given that the nation was mired in Depression, Americans were much more concerned with domestic issues rather than tariffs.

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