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  1. The earliest electronic digital computers used hot cathode vacuum tubes. The cathodes of these tubes glowed red hot.
  2. The second generation electronic digital computers used transistors. These ran much much cooler than hot cathode vacuum tubes, but could still get warm. Even though individual transistors normally did not get hot, if the complete computer was not equipped with a cooling system it could accumulate enough heat to damage itself.
  3. The third generation electronic digital computers used bipolar integrated circuits. Due to the number of transistors in these integrated circuits, some types got hot enough to burn your skin if you touched them.
  4. Modern fourth generation electronic digital computers use field effect transistor integrated circuits and microprocessors. While these generally operate cooler than bipolar integrated circuits, often the microprocessors and a few other high speed integrated circuits can still get hot enough to burn your skin if you touched them.
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