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Where were the main concentration camps in World War II?
Based on present day national boudaries: The largest in number & size were in Poland & Germany. Rest were in France (Natzweiler), Netherlands (Westerbork), Austria (Mauthausen), Czechoslovakia (Theresienstadt & Sered), Latvia (Kaiserwald), Belarus (Koldichevo) & the Ukraine (Janowska).
Which Nazi concentration camps were outside Germany?
Though there were hundreds in Germany, most were outside of Germany. Estimates range from 1200 to 15,000; most were destroyed, making an accurate catalog difficult. Some of the major ones are listed below: Camp name Country (today) Camp type Dates of use Est. prisoners Est. deaths Sub-camps Mauthausen-Gusen Austria Labour camp Aug 1938 - May 1945 195,000 95,000 min. Koldichevo Belarus Labour camp Summer 1942 - Jun 1944 22,000 Maly Trostenets Belarus Extermination camp Jul 1941 - Jun 1944 206,500 (official) 65,000 Breendonk Belgium Prison and labour camp 20 Sep 1940 - Sep 1944 3532 min. 391 min. none Mechelen Belgium Transit camp July 1942 - Sep 1944 25267 min. 300 min. none Alderney Channel Islands Labour camps Jan 1942 - Jun 1944 6,000 700 Lager Borkum, Lager Helgoland, Lager Norderney, Lager Sylt Jasenovac concentration camp Croatia Extermination camp for Jews, Serbs, Croats and Roma 1941-1945 99,000 Stara Gradiška concentration camp, Sisak children's concentration camp, Donja Gradina, Jasenovac main Skrochowitz (Skrochovice) Czech Republic Transit (1939) and labour camp Sept 1939 - Dec 1939, 1940-1943 1939:700 1939:13 Theresienstadt (Terezín) Czech Republic Transit camp and Ghetto Nov 1941 - May 1945 140,000 35,000 min. Jägala Estonia Labour camp Aug 1942 - Aug 1943 200 3,000 none Klooga Estonia Labour camp Summer 1943 - 28 Sep 1944 2,400 Vaivara Estonia Concentration and transit camp 15 Sep 1943 - 29 Feb 1944 20,000 950 22 Drancy France Internment camp, transit 20 Aug 1941 - 17 Aug 1944 70,000 Three of five Paris annexes: Austerlitz, Lévitan and Bassano camps Fort de Romainville France Prison and transit camp 1940 - Aug 1945 8,100 min. 200 min. none Le Vernet France Internment camp 1939-1944 Natzweiler-Struthof (Struthof) France Labour camp; Nacht und Nebel camp; extermination camp May 1941 - Sep 1944 40,000 25,000L'historique du camp de Natzweiler-Struthof par Roger Boulanger, 2006. Arbeitsdorf Germany Labour camp 8 Apr 1942 - 11 Oct 1942 600 min. none Berga an der Elster (Berga, Thuringia) Germany Labour camp; Buchenwald subcamp Bergen-Belsen Germany Collection point Apr 1943 - Apr 1945 70,000 2 Berlin-Marzahn Germany Early a "rest place" then labour camp for Roma July 1936 - none Bernburg Germany Collection point Apr 1942 - Apr 1945 100,000 2 Breitenau Germany "Early wild camp", then labour camp Jun 1933 - Mar 1934, 1940-1945 470 - 8500 Buchenwald Germany Labour camp Jul 1937 - Apr 1945 250,000 56,000 Dachau Germany Labour camp Mar 1933 - Apr 1945 200,000 31,591 Flößberg (Frohburg) Germany Labour camp; Buchenwald subcamp November 1944 - Apr 1945 1904 235 min. Flossenbürg Germany Labour camp May 1938 - Apr 1945 100,000 min. 30,000 Hinzert Germany Collection point and subcamp Jul 1940 - Mar 1945 14,000 302 min. Kaufering/Landsberg Germany Labour camp Jun 1943 - Apr 1945 30,000 14,500 min. Kemna Germany Early concentration camp Jun 1933 - Jan 1944 4,500 none Langenstein-Zwieberge Germany Buchenwald subcamp Apr 1944 - Apr 1945 5,000 2,000 Malchow Germany Labour and Transit camp Winter 1943 - 8 May 1945 5,000 Mittelbau-Dora Germany Labour camp Sep 1943 - Apr 1945 60,000 20,000 min. Neuengamme Germany Labour camp 13 Dec 1938 - 4 May 1945 106,000 42,900+ Niederhagen Germany Prison and labour camp Sep 1941 - early 1943 3,900 1,285 none Oberer Kuhberg Germany Concentration camp Nov 1933 - 1935 0 Former infantry base Gleißelstetten (Fortress of Ulm) Ohrdruf Germany Labour and concentration camp; Buchenwald subcamp Nov 1944 - Apr 1945 11,700 Oranienburg Germany Early concentration camp Mar 1933 - Jul 1934 3,000 16 min. Osthofen Germany Collective point Mar 1933 - Jul 1934 Ravensbrück Germany Labour camp for women May 1939 - Apr 1945 150,000 90,000 min. Sachsenhausen Germany Labour camp Jul 1936 - Apr 1945 200,000 min. 100,000 Bolzano Italy Transit Jul 1944 - Apr 1945 11,116 Fossoli Italy Prison and transit camp 5 Dec 1943 - Nov 1944 2,800 Risiera di San Sabba (Trieste) Italy Police detainment camp Sep 1943 - 29 Apr 1945 25,000 5,000 Kaiserwald (Mežaparks) Latvia Labour camp 1942 - 6 Aug 1944 20,000? 16, incl. Eleja-Meitenes Salaspils (Kirchholm ) Latvia Labour camp Oct 1941 - Summer 1944 2,000 Kauen (Kaunas) Lithuania Ghetto and internment camp ???? Prawienischken Amersfoort Netherlands Transit camp and prison Aug 1941 - Apr 1945 35,000 1,000 Herzogenbusch (Vught) Netherlands Concentration camp 1943 - Summer 1944 31,000 Westerbork Netherlands Transit camp May 1940 - Apr 1945 102,000 Bardufoss Norway Concentration camp Mar 1944 - ???? 800 250 Bredtvet Norway Concentration camp Fall, 1941 - May, 1944 1,000 min. ???? none Falstad Norway Prison camp Dec 1941 - May 1945 200 min. none Grini Norway Prison camp 2 May 1941 - May 1945 19,788 8 Fannrem Bardufoss Kvænangen Auschwitz-Birkenau Poland Extermination and labour camp Apr 1940 - Jan 1945 135,000 min. in August 1944 1,100,000 min. out of 6,000,000 rec. arrivals list of 48 sub-camps with description at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum Bełżec Poland Extermination camp Oct 1941 - Jun 1943 434,508 min. Chełmno (Kulmhof) Poland Extermination camp Dec 1941 - Apr 1943, Apr 1944 - Jan 1945 152,000 min. Fort VII (Poznań) Poland Concentration, detention, transit Oct 1939 - Apr 1944 18,000 min. 4,500 min. Gross-Rosen Poland Labour camp; Nacht und Nebel camp Aug 1940 - Feb 1945 125,000 40,000 Majdanek (KZ Lublin) Poland Extermination camp Jul 1941 - Jul 1944 78,000 Mittelsteine Poland Labour camp; Gross-Rosen subcamp Aug 1944 - April 1945 300-1,000 Płaszów Poland Labour camp Dec 1942 - Jan 1945 150,000 min. 9,000 min. Sobibór Poland Extermination camp May 1942 - Oct 1943 200,000 max. Soldau Poland Labour; Transit camp Winter 1939/40 - Jan 1945 30,000 13,000 Stutthof Poland Labour camp Sep 1939 - May 1945 110,000 65,000 Treblinka Poland Extermination camp Jul 1942 - Nov 1943 870,000 Warsaw Poland Labour and extermination camp 1942-1944 400,000 max. 200,000 max Banjica Serbia Concentration camp Jun 1941 - Sep 1944 23,637 3,849 Crveni krst Serbia Concentration camp 1941-1944 30,000 10,000 Sajmište Serbia Extermination camp Oct 1941 - Jul 1944 92,000 23,000-47,000 Bogdanovka Ukraine Concentration camp 1941 54,000 40,000 Janowska (Lwów) Ukraine Ghetto; transit, labour, & extermination camp Sep 1941 - Nov 1943 40,000 min. none
