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France, about to lose the French and Indian War in Canada, ceded its southern claims (Louisiana) to its Seven Years War ally Spain under the secret Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). This meant that Britain only received the smaller part of Louisiana, east of the Mississippi, in the Treaty of Paris (1763). Spain controlled Louisiana, the Gulf of Mexico coast, and the lower Mississippi Valley during the Revolutionary War (1776-1783), after which Britain still controlled Canada, but none of Louisiana. Under another secret treaty, the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (1800), Spain returned Louisiana to Napoleon, who sold all of the territory to the US in 1803.

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