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The Greeks had to break the Persian naval power as it threatened the Greek cities, whose armies remained at home protecting them rather than concentrating against the Persian army. The Persian fleet also protected their resupply fleet. As the Persian fleet had better and more ships, the Greeks decided to engage in narrow waters to negate that advantage. They selected the chanel in the Malian Gulf and blocked the land route opposite it at the pass of Thermopylai with a small land force to force the Persians to try to outflank the land blockage with an amphibious move. The combined Greek fleet lay in wait, ready to pounce.

The Thermopylai pass was held for three days, during which there was escalating naval action in the strait, however the Greeks failed to destroy the Persian fleet, so the Greek ships retired to Salamis island opposite Athens.

The blocking action was therefore over, and the Greek armies withdrew. The Spartan and Thespian contingents remained in the pass to cover the withdrawal and were slaughtered.

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