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The Roman government did not change in 287 BC. The city was still headed by the two annually elected consuls. It had five types of officers of state who performed executive roles. The senate was still an advisory body and it could still issue decrees. The plebeians had still their own assembly, the plebeian council, and their representatives, the plebeian tribunes.

This year was the year when the Lex Hortensia was issued. The plebeian tribunes had become the main proposed of bills (previously the consuls had been the main proposers) and the plebeian council had become the main body for voting on legislation. The legislation had to be approved by the senate through the senatus consultum, a statement by the senate of the technical validity of the law. Prior to the Lex Hortensia the patrician-controlled senate could reject a law on the grounds of technicalities. This was a means for the senate obstruct laws proposed by the plebeians tribunes it did not like. The Lex ortensia provided for the senatus consultum to be issued before the vote of the bill. This enables the plebeian tribunes to amend their bills if necessary and removed the senate's power to obstruct passed laws. Some historians also said that the law also made the resolutions of the plebeian council (plebiscites) binding on all Roman citizens, including the patricians. Originally the patricians had refused to consider the plebiscites as binding on them. However, previous legislations had already made the plebiscites binding on all Roman citizens. These historians doubt the veracity of these previous laws.

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