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The first money issue by the United States was in the form so-called "Continental Dollars." This was paper money issued during the War of Independence by the Continental Congress. It was not backed by gold or silver, only the credibility of the Congress, and quickly became worthless.

After independence was achieved, the United states issued money in the form of gold and silver coins. Privately owned banks issued paper currency in the form of banknotes. The notes were redeemable for gold or silver coins at the bank's office. They were not legal tender. Such notes had value only if the bank could be counted on to redeem them. If a bank failed, its notes became worthless. A given bank's notes had less and less value with greater distance from the bank as the recipient was taking a bigger risk on a lesser known or unknown bank's ability to redeem the notes.

During the Civil War the US began issuing "Demand Notes" which were not legal tender but could be redeemed in gold "on demand." These were printed on both sides, with the back printed in green, so they came to be called "green backs."

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