What was the first civilization in Mesopotamia?

Answer 1

The oldest known Mesopotamian civilization, at Jarmo in northern Iraq, belongs to the Neolithic period. In the south the earliest cultures have been unearthed at Tell el-Ubaid. The civilization of Tell-el-Ubaid proper flourished in the 4th millennium B.C. From then until the emergence of the Assyrian kingdom the hegemony of Mesopotamia was established in the south. Tell el-Ubaid civilization was preceded by the Eridu civilization, the earliest known in southern Mesopotamia; it was succeeded by the Erech civilization, which was to establish the prototypes of the Mesopotamian culture: the appearance of writing, the cylinder seal and the building of ziggurats. This protohistoric era came to an end in about 3000 B.C. This period does, however, mark the beginning of a new era that has left behind written testimony - the Sumerian civilization. The early dynastic period of Sumerian civilization lasted about four centuries. The main sources for its history are a number of lists of kings, together with other documents that assist in identifying them, their dynasties and their deeds, although they provide a far from comprehensive picture of the period. The south was long thought to be the cradle of civilization until earlier settlements (which probably date from about 7000 B.C.) were found in N Mesopotamia; Jarmo, the earliest of these, was superseded by a succession of cultures: Tell Hassuna, Samarra, and Tell Halaf. Tell Halaf, the most advanced of these early cultures, is famous for Halaf ware, the finest prehistoric pottery in Mesopotamia. It is found at such sites as Nineveh andTepe Gawra. While these advances were being made in the north, civilization was just beginning in the south, particularly at Eridu. The Al Ubaid culture that followed flourished in both N and S Mesopotamia, at Tell Zeidan and Tepe Gawra (N) and Ubaid, Eridu, and Oueili (S). Irrigated agriculture became widespread, and social stratification developed in this early urban period. Trends in Mesopotamian History

• Pre-PotteryNeolithic:
  • Jarmo (ca. 7000 bc-ca. 6000 bc)
• Pottery Neolithic:
  • Hassuna (ca. 6000 bc-? bc), Samarra (ca. 5700 bc-4900 bc) and Halafhttp://www.answers.com/topic/tell-halaf (ca. 6000 bc-5300 bc) "cultures"
• Chalcolithic or Copper age:
  • Ubaid period (ca. 5900 BC-4400 BC)
  • Uruk period (ca. 4400 BC-3200 BC)
  • Jemdet Nasd period (ca. 3100 BC-2900 BC)

Answer 2

Sumerians and artisans

Answer 3

the sumerians

Answer 4

That was Sumeria.