What were different causes of war of independence 1857?

Answer 1

the condition was pathelic 40,000 more than 2 lakhs indian soldiers.promotions were not there.postages were not charged .dalhousie said indian should pay postage. indian should cross the oceans made them out cast

Answer 2

Answer:

A man by the name of Mangle Pande of the 34th regiment suddenly became hysterical and yelled to the British officers that they were making him go against his religion. He killed nearly every British officer he saw including his platoon officer. The general who was in charge heard the commotion Pande was creating and went with his two sons to see what was going on. The sight of the general frightened Pande and he tried to kill himself but failed. On April 8 of that same year he was hanged for attempted mutiny. After this the already controversial 34th regiment was disbanded. News spread quickly of the man who fought back against the British and on May 10, 1857 a full mutiny broke out starting with the 3rd light Calvary and spreading to regiments at Kanpur, Lucknow and other army bases in northern India.

At the end of the day the Sepoys had taken Delhi, murdered every English man woman and child they could lay their hands on and appointed the Mughul Emperor as their leader. The revolt had begun, and the Sepoy soldiers outnumbered the British 257,000 to 34,000 or nearly 8 to 1. With numbers like these all the British could do for the first couple of months was try to ward off any Sepoy attack and wait until reinforcements arrived from Britain. When the reinforcements finally arrived their first goal was to retake Delhi. It took several attempts and a few thousand men but they finally recaptured the city. Once the British had control of Delhi they forced a large number of the Sepoy soldiers to run. The British pursued. "The British armies which swept across the north of India to relieve their besieged comrades and avenge their murdered compatriots were perhaps the most enraged and cruelest troops ever to have been put in the field by the government and people of Britain." After several months of combat Britain recaptured northern India.

Answer 3

Causes of War of Independence

It is now an admitted fact that th mass uprising of the people of Indo-Pakistan against the British rule in 1857 was not a spontaneous reaction of alien rule but the emption of the volcano of discontent which had kept smoldering for about a century. The causes of the War of Independence were political, economic, religious, social and military.

(A). Political Causes

The English East India Company got strongly implanted in the Sub-Continent after its historic victory over Nawab of Bengal in the Battle of Plassey fought in 1757. Soon after wards in 1764 the British recorded another important triumph in the Battle of Buxar. They annexed many states.

1. Doctrine of Lapse

Lord Dalhousie applied Doctrine of Lapse for the expansion of the British Empire. According to this doctrine the rulers of the states were not allowed to adopt sons. As a result their states were annexed when they died.

2. Annoyance of Rules of States

Lord Dalhousie left no stone unturned for the expansion of the English territory. He annexed states on the grounds of Doctrine of Lapse and misgovernment. As such the rulers of the affected states like Sindh, Punjab, Jhansi and Oudh became sworn enemies of the Company.

3. Confiscation of Estates

It was a convention of the past rulers that the nobles were granted large estates. The British Government reversed this policy and confiscated thousands of such estates.

(B). Economic Causes of War

The new agrarian policy of the British, destruction of local industry, permanent settlements, large scale unemployment, monopoly of trade by the English and the Stamp Act were some important economic causes of the war.

1. New Agrarian Policy

In the agrarian the Zamindars were asked to provide documentary proof of their holdings. They were deprived of their lands when they failed to furnish documentary proof of their ancestral estates. In addition the rate of taxes on the lands was increased. This class was in the front rank when he war of Independence broke out in 1857.

2. Destruction of Local Industry

As a result of the Industrial revolution of England cheaper and superior goods flowed into the markets of the Sub-Continent. The local industry could not compete with the imported stuff. As a result the local industry suffered badly. This resulted in frustration among the lower classes.

3. Permanent Settlement

The after effects of the permanent settlement of land were very disastrous for the land owners. They had to deposit regularly a fixed amount which was not always possible. The defaulters were very often degraded.

4. Unemployment

The British did not trust the Indians. As a result they were not appointed on important jobs. This policy resulted in unemployment for the educated classes.

5. Domination of Trade by the English

The British enacted such tows which facilitated their trade in Indo-Pakistan. Many sea ports were declared free ports and custom duty on imported goods was wiredrawn. These steps mined the local industry.

6. Court Fee Stamps

The English Government declared court fee compulsory to be paid in the form of court stamps. Thus the people were denied the right of free justice.

(C). Religious Causes

1. Propagation of Christianity

Although at the outset the English had shown respect towards all religions yet with the passage of time they changed their mind and devised ways and means for the propagation of Christianity in Indo-Pakistan.

2. Introduction of New Inventions

In the first half of the 19th century the British introduced in Indo-Pakistan many inventions like railway, post and telegraph. Moreover they made English as medium of education. These inventions made the Indians suspicious of the intentions of the British.

3. Jihad Movement

Syed Ahmed Shaheed launched die Jihad Movement in the second decade of the 19th century. It was a sort of large scale effort by the Muslims to snatch freedom from alien rule. The Jihad Movement though failed to achieve immediate aims yet it succeeded in Kindling a flame of freedom.

4. Anti-Religion Laws

The British Government enacted many laws which were contradictory to the fundamentals of various religions of Indo-Pakistan.

(D). Social Causes

1. Mockery of Cultural Heritage

The British were afraid of the Muslim cultural heritage which was very rich in all aspects. The English wanted to prove their culture as superior to others. Thus they adopted a policy of ridiculing the Muslim culture. This attitude greatly agitated Muslim religious feelings.

2. Insulting treatment with the People

A hundred year rule over the Sub-Continent had given the English an air of superiority. They considered themselves a super creation and often resorted to insulting attitude towards the people of the Sub-Continent.

(E). Military Causes

1. Disbanded armies of annexed slates

The British disbanded the armies of the annexed states. This action left thousands of the local soldiers unemployed.

2. Dearth of English Troops

It is estimated that before the start of the war of Independence there were 3,11,000 native troops as against 40,000 European troops. This ratio tilted the balance in favor of the natives. As a result they were encouraged to launch the war of Independence.

3. Greased Cartridge

The use of greased cartridge proved as the immediate cause of the war of Independence. It was rumored that the cartridges were greased with the fat of the cow or pig. This situation agitated the religious feelings of both the Muslims and Hindu Soldiers.

Answer 4

Teri maa da phuda panyaka. Deta teri pehn nu lun te teri niki te waadi dowan nu lun !

Answer 5

there are many causes and effect of war of independance 1887