What were the causes of ngoni migration?

Answer 1

The Ngoni migration, which occurred in the 19th century, was primarily driven by several interrelated factors, including the disruption caused by the Zulu expansion under Shaka, internal social and political upheaval, and the search for new resources and land. The Ngoni people, originally from the region around present-day South Africa, sought to escape the violence and instability brought on by these conflicts. Additionally, the desire for agricultural land and cattle prompted them to migrate northward into areas of present-day Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. This movement was also influenced by broader regional dynamics, such as the impact of the slave trade and the presence of European colonial interests.