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Rome lies between the Apennine Mountains (a mountain chain that runs along the Italian peninsula) and the sea, 26 kilometres/16 miles from the coast.

Rome lies in a hilly area. The original city was on seven of these hills: the Palatine, Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, and Aventine.

In the valley between the first four mentioned hills there was the Forum, or Forum Magnum (this is how the Romans called it, Roman Forum is a modern term). In the valley between the Palatine and Aventine there was the Circus Maximus, the city's largest track for horse and chariot races. The Colosseum was built between the Eqsuiline, Caelian and Palatine hills.

Rome is on the river Tiber, by the only Ford in this river. This made Rome in her early days the main north-south communication centre across this river. The Romans built a Port on the river near the Palatine and Aventine hills (Portus Tiberinus).

Over time, Rome expanded north of the seven hills in a flat area they called Campus Martius (the field of mars) between the river and another hill, the Pincian Hill. This areas is now the city centre of the modern city.

Part of Rome was on the other bank of the river, along the Janiculum and Vatican hills, which are by the river. The city expanded to an area south of these hills which is now called Trastevere. This area became an area of immigrants.

The city also expanded to the south of the seven hills. In this area there are the famous baths of Caracalla, which were the city's second largest baths.

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