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Athens had turned the league of Greek cities which was established to defend against Persia into an empire and when the Persian threat subsided, used the revenue for its own aggrandisement and to further its own interests. Other cities objected and turned to Sparta for leadership.

There were several inter-city disputes bubbling and Corinth and other cities pressed Sparta to intervene. The final straw was Athens banning Megara from trade within the Athenian empire, which wpould have ruined it. Sparta asked Athens to relent, which was refused and war was declared.

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